A 22-year-old law student from Pune, Sharmistha Panoli, was arrested in Gurugram by Kolkata Police on Friday night after a social media post allegedly containing derogatory remarks went viral. The video, posted on Instagram, triggered widespread backlash for allegedly insulting a religious community and the Prophet Muhammad, despite Panoli issuing an unconditional apology and removing the content.
Who is Sharmistha Panoli?
Sharmistha Panoli is a student of law at Pune Law University and a rising Instagram influencer with a large following. She gained visibility for speaking candidly on socio-political issues. On 14 May 2025, she posted a video in response to a Pakistani social media user who had questioned India’s stance following the Pahalgam terror attack. In the clip, she sharply criticised Bollywood celebrities for remaining silent on Operation Sindoor—a major military response following the attack.
What did the viral video contain?
Panoli’s video, initially intended as a political reaction, quickly spiralled into controversy. Several viewers, especially from Muslim communities in India and abroad, said she made offensive remarks about Islam and the Prophet Muhammad. The backlash was immediate and intense. Hashtags like #ArrestSharmistha began trending, and she reportedly received rape and death threats. Despite deleting the post and issuing an apology the following day, the situation had already escalated legally.
She posted on social media on 15 May, “I do hereby tender my UNCONDITIONAL APOLOGY. Whatever was put are my personal feelings and I never intentionally wanted to hurt anybody. So anybody is hurt, I'm sorry… Henceforth, I will be cautious in my public posts.”
Legal action and police statement
Multiple complaints were filed in Kolkata. Police say they attempted to serve legal notices to Panoli and her family, but she was allegedly untraceable. A senior police officer explained, “The case pertains to an Instagram video by a woman named Sharmistha Panoli that hurt the religious sentiments of members of a particular community.”
With no response to the notices, a court in Kolkata issued an arrest warrant. Panoli was detained in Gurugram and brought to Kolkata on transit remand. Police also seized her phone and laptop for forensic analysis, looking for evidence of further offensive or manipulated content.
On Saturday, the Alipore Court denied both police custody and bail, sending her to judicial custody until 13 June 2025.
In response to criticism of the arrest, Kolkata Police stated, “All legal procedures were duly adhered to. All attempts were made to serve notice, but she was found absconding on every occasion. Consequently, a warrant of arrest was issued by the competent court… We urge all concerned to refrain from spreading unverified or speculative content and to rely on authentic sources.”
What charges were filed against her
According to legal sources, Sharmistha Panoli has been booked under the following sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS):
Her lawyer, Mohammad Shamimuddin, has questioned the legality of her arrest, pointing out that multiple FIRs for the same offence contravene Supreme Court guidelines. He also claimed that no notice was served before the arrest, which violates Section 35(3) of the BNSS.
#ReleaseSharmistha: Kangana Ranaut defends her
Amid the uproar, actor and politician Kangana Ranaut voiced her support for Panoli on Instagram. She wrote:
“I agree that Sharmistha used some unpleasant words for her expression, but such words most youngsters use these days. She apologised for her statements and that should be enough. No need to bully and harass her further. She should be released immediately.”
Ranaut’s remarks have divided public opinion further. While some support her call for leniency, others accuse her of downplaying hate speech.
Samajwadi Party MLA Abu Azmi weighed in on the matter, calling for a new law to punish those who hurt religious sentiments. Speaking to ANI, he said, “A law should be formulated against such people which gives a punishment of at least 10 years.”
He drew parallels with cases involving controversial artists and writers, claiming selective enforcement of the law based on religion and political leanings.
Panoli’s arrest has reignited a complex debate over free speech, religious sensitivity, and the responsibility of influencers online. While critics argue her remarks were provocative and deserved legal attention, others view the police action as disproportionate—especially after her public apology.
This case underscores a growing tension in India’s digital space. Influencers now face increasing scrutiny not just from followers, but also from law enforcement and political entities. The question remains: where should the line be drawn between expression and offence?
For now, Panoli remains in judicial custody as legal proceedings unfold—and with it, a national conversation that shows no signs of dying down.
Who is Sharmistha Panoli?
Sharmistha Panoli is a student of law at Pune Law University and a rising Instagram influencer with a large following. She gained visibility for speaking candidly on socio-political issues. On 14 May 2025, she posted a video in response to a Pakistani social media user who had questioned India’s stance following the Pahalgam terror attack. In the clip, she sharply criticised Bollywood celebrities for remaining silent on Operation Sindoor—a major military response following the attack.
What did the viral video contain?
Panoli’s video, initially intended as a political reaction, quickly spiralled into controversy. Several viewers, especially from Muslim communities in India and abroad, said she made offensive remarks about Islam and the Prophet Muhammad. The backlash was immediate and intense. Hashtags like #ArrestSharmistha began trending, and she reportedly received rape and death threats. Despite deleting the post and issuing an apology the following day, the situation had already escalated legally.
She posted on social media on 15 May, “I do hereby tender my UNCONDITIONAL APOLOGY. Whatever was put are my personal feelings and I never intentionally wanted to hurt anybody. So anybody is hurt, I'm sorry… Henceforth, I will be cautious in my public posts.”
Legal action and police statement
Multiple complaints were filed in Kolkata. Police say they attempted to serve legal notices to Panoli and her family, but she was allegedly untraceable. A senior police officer explained, “The case pertains to an Instagram video by a woman named Sharmistha Panoli that hurt the religious sentiments of members of a particular community.”
With no response to the notices, a court in Kolkata issued an arrest warrant. Panoli was detained in Gurugram and brought to Kolkata on transit remand. Police also seized her phone and laptop for forensic analysis, looking for evidence of further offensive or manipulated content.
On Saturday, the Alipore Court denied both police custody and bail, sending her to judicial custody until 13 June 2025.
In response to criticism of the arrest, Kolkata Police stated, “All legal procedures were duly adhered to. All attempts were made to serve notice, but she was found absconding on every occasion. Consequently, a warrant of arrest was issued by the competent court… We urge all concerned to refrain from spreading unverified or speculative content and to rely on authentic sources.”
What charges were filed against her
According to legal sources, Sharmistha Panoli has been booked under the following sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS):
- Section 196(1)(a): Promoting enmity between groups
- Section 299: Outraging religious feelings
- Section 352: Intentional insult to provoke breach of peace
- Section 353(1)(c): Incitement to public mischief
Her lawyer, Mohammad Shamimuddin, has questioned the legality of her arrest, pointing out that multiple FIRs for the same offence contravene Supreme Court guidelines. He also claimed that no notice was served before the arrest, which violates Section 35(3) of the BNSS.
#ReleaseSharmistha: Kangana Ranaut defends her
Amid the uproar, actor and politician Kangana Ranaut voiced her support for Panoli on Instagram. She wrote:
“I agree that Sharmistha used some unpleasant words for her expression, but such words most youngsters use these days. She apologised for her statements and that should be enough. No need to bully and harass her further. She should be released immediately.”
Ranaut’s remarks have divided public opinion further. While some support her call for leniency, others accuse her of downplaying hate speech.
Samajwadi Party MLA Abu Azmi weighed in on the matter, calling for a new law to punish those who hurt religious sentiments. Speaking to ANI, he said, “A law should be formulated against such people which gives a punishment of at least 10 years.”
He drew parallels with cases involving controversial artists and writers, claiming selective enforcement of the law based on religion and political leanings.
Panoli’s arrest has reignited a complex debate over free speech, religious sensitivity, and the responsibility of influencers online. While critics argue her remarks were provocative and deserved legal attention, others view the police action as disproportionate—especially after her public apology.
This case underscores a growing tension in India’s digital space. Influencers now face increasing scrutiny not just from followers, but also from law enforcement and political entities. The question remains: where should the line be drawn between expression and offence?
For now, Panoli remains in judicial custody as legal proceedings unfold—and with it, a national conversation that shows no signs of dying down.
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